Metalworking Oils & Metalworking Lubricants: Four Major Classes

Four Major Classes of Metalworking Oils & Lubricants -
Metalworking fluids are liquids / oils used in the machining process for cutting, turning, grinding, boring, drilling, hobbing, broaching, and other tasks within the manufacturing industry.

The Purpose of metalworking oils and fluids.
Their purpose of metalworking oils and lubricants is to provide lubricity in order to eliminate friction and to  carrying away the heat produced by the machine thereby improving the productivity and life of the machine. At the same time, these metalworking oils and lubricants extend tool life, reduce energy consumption, and remove metal chips. 

Hazardous components of metalworking fluids.
Metalworking fluids may contain other substances such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, fragrances, extreme pressure additives, and contaminants. These complex mixtures are very useful but can cause a variety of health problems such as dermatitis, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and even cancer.

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Metalworking fluids can form a mist of small droplets that are suspended in the air that can be inhaled and ingested by workers exposed to this haze. When these metalworking fluids form into a mist as a by-product of the machining process, they  can be very irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat.

The larger droplets can pass into the nose and windpipe and can be swallowed. The smaller droplets can deposit into the lungs.  The inhalation of metalworking fluids mist, vapors, and oil smoke over a period of time may cause asthma or lung irritation.  Evidence suggests that they may lead to lung cancer.

The four classes of metalworking fluids that can become hazardous mist.

1. Straight oil (neat oil) metalworking fluids are severely solvent-refined petroleum oils (lubricant-base oils) or other animal, sea, vegetable, or synthetic oils used by themselves or in conjunction with or without additives. Straight oils are not supposed to be diluted with water.

2. Soluble oil (emulsifiable oil) metalworking fluids are combinations of 30% to 85% stringently refined lubricant-base oils and emulsifiers that may have various performance additives. Soluble oils are diluted with water at ratios of 1 part concentrate to 5B40 parts water.

3. Semi-synthetic metalworking fluids have a lower amount of severely refined lubricant-base oil in the concentrate (5% to 30%), a higher proportion of emulsifiers, and 30% to 50% water. The transparent concentrate is diluted with 10 to 40 parts water.

4. Synthetic metalworking fluids do not have petroleum oils and may be water soluble or water dispersible. The synthetic concentrate is diluted with 10 to 40 parts water.

1. The four major classes of metalworking lubricants and metalworking oils that can cause health problems in the work place.

2. Health and Safety in Metalworking Industries: The 2 most common ways a worker can become exposed to metalworking fluids.

3. Workers are exposed to viruses and bacteria and other hazardous end products as a result of the inhalation of industrial mist.

4. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and machine mist can cause asthma.

5. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and machine mist can cause skin disorders.

6. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and machine mist can cause cancer.

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