Metalworking Fluid Oil Smoke & Coolant Mist Exposure Increases Cancer Risk

"Metalworking fluids & machinery oils smoke mist are associated with an increased risk of larynx, rectum, pancreas, skin, scrotum, and bladder cancer."

Because the time-line between first exposure to a cancer causing agent and the introduction of most types of cancer is frequently 20 or more years, these studies most likely reflect the cancer risk linked with exposure conditions in the mid-1970s and earlier.

 It should be noted that the studies results were not highly consistent with respect to the specific types of cancer which were associated with metalworking fluids. In addition, the specific MWF constituent(s) or contaminant(s) responsible for the various cancers remain to be determined. The inconsistencies in the results, and the inability to identify the responsible MWF constituent(s) or contaminant are a likely result of the diverse nature of the MWF mixtures studied, and the absence of detailed exposure information.

Over the last several decades, the metalworking industry has made significant changes including changes in metalworking fluid composition and reduction in MWF impurities and exposure concentrations. Efforts have been made to reduce potentially cancer causing metalworking fluid additives and impurities with the removal of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from MWFs beginning in the 1950s, and the EPA enacting regulations in the 1980s directed at reducing nitrosamine exposures. It is likely that the changes have reduced the cancer risks, but the data are insufficient to conclude that these changes have eliminated all cancer risks. Thus, the risk of cancer from MWF exposures later than the mid-1970s remains to be determined.  However, both the substantial evidence which associates some MWFs used before the mid-1970s with cancer at several organ sites, and the potential for current MWFs to pose a similar carcinogenic hazard supports the NIOSH recommendation to reduce MWF mist exposures.

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Tolbert P, Eisen E, Pothier LJ, Monson RR, Hallock MF, Smith TJ [1992]. Mortality
studies of machining-fluid exposure in the automobile industry. II. Risks
associated with specific fluid types. Scand J Work Environ Health 18(6):351B360.

1. The four major classes of metalworking lubricants and metalworking oils that can cause health problems in the work place.

2. Health and Safety in Metalworking Industries: The 2 most common ways a worker can become exposed to metalworking fluids.

3. Workers are exposed to viruses and bacteria and other hazardous end products as a result of the inhalation of industrial mist.

4. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and machine mist can cause asthma.

5. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and machine mist can cause skin disorders.

6. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and machine mist can cause cancer.

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